Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy

Crypto Assets
The book comprises 36 national reports from countries across the globe, as well as three special reports on current developments in the field of crypto assets and is the outcome of the conference “Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy” that took place from 29 June 2023 to 1 July 2023 in Rust, Austria. More than 100 experts, including the authors of the national reports, were brought together to discuss recent developments in the field of crypto assets, with a special focus on the current tax challenges in this field. The general report highlights the most important findings of the conference.

Why this book?

The emergence of crypto assets, particularly virtual currencies, and their implications for taxation puts a bright spotlight on existing tax measures and, perhaps, the need to develop new tax policies. The decentralized nature of crypto assets has given rise to several overarching issues that need to be addressed at a supranational level. Key issues discussed in this publication include those relating to the regulatory and governance framework, the transparency and reporting framework and the emergence of central bank digital currencies. From a national perspective, many jurisdictions have issued specific guidance or created targeted legislation to deal with certain crypto-asset transactions.

However, the way in which these new challenges are addressed varies widely from country to country. The aim of this book is to provide tax authorities, policymakers, courts and practitioners with an overview of tax measures implemented in different jurisdictions. Therefore, the income and capital gains tax implications of crypto-asset origination and extinction events, as well as the implications of using of crypto assets in investment and business transactions, are discussed from both a domestic and international perspective. The treatment of crypto assets in terms of VAT and other taxes, such as inheritance and gift taxes, is also discussed, and each author concludes by offering an outlook on the future of crypto-asset policy in their respective jurisdiction.

This book is part of the WU Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law - Tax Law and Policy Series

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Author(s)

Rosa Maria Rodrigues de Abreu, Christina Allen, Izabela Andrzejewska-Czernek, Maxine Avlichou, Gianluigi Bizioli, Louise Blichfeldt Fjord, Rainer Borns, Emmanuel Eze, Jennifer E. Farrell, Ximena García, Diego Alejandro Hernández Rivera, Stefan Shih-Chou Huang, Felipe Kertesz Renault, Georg Kofler, Borbala Kolozs, Richard Krever, Svetislav Kostic, Yasmin Lawson, Andrés Felipe Lema González, Qiaoyu Li, Xiangdan Luo, Aleksandra Maksimovska Stojkova, Michel Gaston Maus, Elena Neshovska Kjoseva, Nikoleta Nesheva, Mika Nissinen, João Ochôa, Atsushi Onishi, Jeffrey Owns, Ika Riswanti Putranti, Cristóbal Pérez Jarpa, Pepijn Pinkse, Rodrigo Rabeca Domingues, Andrea Laura Riccardi Sacchi, Giacomo Ricotti, Robert Risse, Giorgia Rocco, Kerrie Sadiq, Alessandra Sanelli, Adrian Sawyer, Roberto Scalia, Luís Eduardo Schoueri, Tamir Shanan, Andrew Smith, Giulio Soana, Richard Stern, Ben Symons, Marcelina Szwed-Ziemichód, Suranjali Tandon, Quentin Thouéry des Hivernals, Peter Venvelthoven, Jean-Philippe Van West, Florian S. Zawodsky and Lidija Zivkovic.

Editor(s)

Editors: Georg Kofler, Michael Lang, Pasquale Pistone, Alexander Rust, Josef Schuch, Karoline Spies, Claus Staringer and Rita Szudoczky

Assistant Editors: Valentina Emanuele and Franz Wallig

Crypto Assets
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh
Chapter 1: General Report
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh001
Chapter 2: The Global Governance of Crypto Assets: A Reflection Twenty-Five Years In
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh002
Chapter 3: Global Transparency and the Exchange of Information for Crypto Assets
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh003
Chapter 4: Central Bank Digital Currencies: Current Status and Tax Implications
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh004
Chapter 5: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Australia
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh005
Chapter 6: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Austria
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh006
Chapter 7: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Belgium
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh007
Chapter 8: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Brazil
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh008
Chapter 9: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Bulgaria
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh009
Chapter 10: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Canada
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh010
Chapter 11: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Chile
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh011
Chapter 12: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in China
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh012
Chapter 13: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Colombia
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh013
Chapter 14: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Denmark
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh014
Chapter 15: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Finland
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh015
Chapter 16: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in France
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh016
Chapter 17: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Germany
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh017
Chapter 18: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Greece
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh018
Chapter 19: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Hungary
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh019
Chapter 20: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in India
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh020
Chapter 21: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh021
Chapter 22: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Israel
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh022
Chapter 23: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Italy
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh023
Chapter 24: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Japan
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh024
Chapter 25: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Mexico
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh025
Chapter 26: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in the Netherlands
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh026
Chapter 27: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in New Zealand
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh027
Chapter 28: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh028
Chapter 29: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in North Macedonia
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh029
Chapter 30: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Poland
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh030
Chapter 31: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Portugal
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh031
Chapter 32: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Serbia
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh032
Chapter 33: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in South Africa
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh033
Chapter 34: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Taiwan
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh034
Chapter 35: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Türkiye
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh035
Chapter 36: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in the United Kingdom
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh036
Chapter 37: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in the United States
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh037
Chapter 38: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Uruguay
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh038
Chapter 39: Crypto Assets: Tax Law and Policy in Venezuela
https://doi.org/10.59403/3rmbnkh039