This article examines Nigeria’s VAT system and administration, and highlights the features and gaps of the system. The authors particularly focus on peculiar features and issues of Nigeria’s VAT in the oil and gas industry and analyses key decisions of the Nigerian courts and the Tax Appeal Tribunal. The authors further discuss how these decisions may affect the administration and the development of the VAT system in Nigeria generally. The article also identifies the differences and similarities between the Nigerian VAT system and the VAT systems in some African countries whilst recommending some salient features that may be adopted in Nigeria.